Preparatory Commission for the PC-X/B/WP.7
Organisation for the Prohibition 8 February 1995
of Chemical Weapons Original: ENGLISH
Tenth Session
(3 - 7 April 1995)
EXPERT GROUP ON CONFIDENTIALITY
SEVENTH REPORT
1. Introduction
1.1 In accordance with the Plan of Activities and Schedule of Meetings annexed to the Report of the Ninth Session of the Commission (PC-IX/11, Annex 2), the Expert Group on Confidentiality met from 6 - 8 February 1995 in The Hague.
1.2 Mr. Antony Taubman of Australia continued to serve as Chairman of the Expert Group.
1.3 The work of the Group was facilitated by material provided by the delegation of Australia, and the Discussion Papers prepared by the Secretariat (PC-X/B/WP.3 and PC-X/B/WP.4).
1.4 In the course of this meeting, the Group took note of the following priority tasks assigned to it by the Preparatory Commission in Annex 2 to the Report of its Ninth Session (PC-IX/11):
Discuss the issue of the responsibility of States Parties in the event of breaches of confidentiality with a view to identifying possible avenues for its resolution;
Develop recommendations for the composition and operating procedures of the Confidentiality Commission;
and a third task:
Complete the OPCW Policy on Confidentiality.
2. The responsibilities of States Parties in relation to breaches of confidentiality
The Group continued its consideration of this general issue in accordance with four main areas, covered in paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this Report, in which States Parties' responsibilities might arise in relation to breaches of confidentiality.
3. The responsibility of States Parties, to the extent possible, to cooperate with and support the Director-General's investigation of an alleged breach
3.1 The Group observed that, in accordance with the Convention (Confidentiality Annex, paragraph 21), "States Parties shall, to the extent possible, cooperate and support the Director-General in investigating any breach or alleged breach of confidentiality and in taking appropriate action in case a breach has been established."
3.2 The Group agreed that the nature of support and co-operation by States Parties would be determined on a case by case basis. The Group accordingly concluded that it would not be necessary for the Group to elaborate possible means of support and co-operation as an element of the draft OPCW Policy on Confidentiality.
4. States Parties' possible exercise of national jurisdiction in the event that immunity from jurisdiction is waived by the Director-General in case of serious breach of confidentiality by a staff member of the Technical Secretariat
4.1 The Convention (Confidentiality Annex, paragraphs 20 and 21) presumes that jurisdiction should apply in the event of immunity from jurisdiction being waived in respect of a staff member of the Technical Secretariat who has committed a serious breach of confidentiality.
4.2 The Group noted that this particular case might give rise to circumstances in which national jurisdiction cannot be or is not exercised against individual staff members who have committed a serious breach. This could lessen the deterrent effect on staff members that would be provided by a consistent and comprehensive legal response to serious breaches.
4.3 Seeking to ensure that the confidentiality obligations of staff members are comprehensively enforced, the Group requested that consultations continue on a suggestion that a concurrent enforcement of jurisdiction could possibly be established in the Host State so as to cover a serious breach of confidentiality by any staff member. The Group made this request on the understanding that any such jurisdiction would be concurrent to States Parties' own national jurisdiction, and would not diminish the rights and responsibilities of States Parties. Several Member States reserved their judgement, at this stage, on whether or not such a concurrent enforcement of jurisdiction is desirable and whether other possibilities should be considered.
5. The possibility of States Parties accepting responsibility for compensation for losses incurred as a result of a breach of confidentiality
5.1 The Group discussed the Executive Secretary's proposal for States Parties to assume liability in respect of losses incurred on their territory through a breach of confidentiality in the course of the implementation of the Convention (PC-X/B/WP.3, paragraphs 6-15). A number of delegations indicated that such a general assumption of liability can not be considered as a basis for resolving this issue, as having no legal basis within the provisions of the Convention. The Group noted that the problem of satisfying the claims of individuals of one State in respect of injury suffered due to the acts or omissions of another State or an international organisation was not unique to the regime of the Chemical Weapons Convention. The Group noted that the problem is one which can be addressed as it arises, by applying existing principles of public international law and private international law and by using the disputes resolution mechanisms provided for in the Convention.
5.2 With regard to Section IV of the Executive Secretary's Discussion Paper (PC-X/B/WP.3), the Group concluded that it did not have a mandate to consider the issue of possible compensation for other forms of damage that occur in the performance of Convention obligations, and that are not caused by a breach of confidentiality.
6. States Parties' possible exercise of jurisdiction against legal or natural persons breaching confidentiality, other than in paragraph 4 above
The question was raised concerning the possible responsibility of States Parties to apply national jurisdiction in relation to breaches of confidentiality committed by a natural or legal person of the State Party other than staff members of the Technical Secretariat. The Group agreed to review any further proposals made to it on this issue.
7. Composition and operating procedures of the Confidentiality Commission
7.1 The Group continued its discussion of general principles that might apply to the composition and operation of the Commission for the Settlement of Disputes Relating to Confidentiality ("the Confidentiality Commission"). The following propositions emerged from that discussion:
(a) that the function of the Confidentiality Commission would be to resolve disputes arising from a breach or breaches of confidentiality involving both a State Party and the Organisation, and that its composition and operating procedures should be governed by this essential function;
(b) that the Conference of the States Parties may elect to utilise the Confidentiality Commission in the resolution of disputes relating to confidentiality beyond the function identified in subparagraph 7.1(a) above;
(c) that, if two or more States Parties are in dispute in relation to confidentiality, they may also elect, by mutual consent, to utilise the Confidentiality Commission for the resolution of their dispute;
(d) that the Confidentiality Commission should be operationally effective, efficient and economical in its requirement for resources;
(e) that the process of nomination to the Confidentiality Commission should be open to any State Party; that States Parties should propose nominations with the highest standards of efficiency, competence and integrity; and that participation should equitably reflect the geographic make-up of States Parties to the Convention, as well as serving to secure the confidence of the disputing parties;
(f) that the Confidentiality Commission should function without interference or direction either from the Technical Secretariat, including its Director-General, or from other organs of the Organisation other than in the terms of a mandate from the Conference;
(g) that the Confidentiality Commission should have access to sufficient expertise relevant to a particular dispute, including the capacity to draw as required on expertise in the following fields: the verification and confidentiality provisions of the Convention; the chemical industry; military and other government security; international law and the law in relevant national legal systems; and disputes resolution;
(h) that the Confidentiality Commission should be encouraged to act without undue delay, possibly within a prescribed maximum time frame;
(i) that, in considering a particular dispute, the Confidentiality Commission should aim initially at resolving the dispute in a manner that is acceptable to the disputing parties, and is consistent with the rights and obligations of States Parties and the Organisation under the Convention; and
(j) that in situations where disputes are not resolved to the satisfaction of the disputing parties the Confidentiality Commission should be empowered to report its findings and make recommendations to the Conference of the States Parties or, if so authorised by the Conference, to the Executive Council with due regard to the further protection of confidentiality.
7.2 Further work is needed on the composition and operating procedures of the Confidentiality Commission, including its precise size, structure and mode of operation.
8. Future tasks of the Group
8.1 The Group agreed that, in accordance with its mandate, it will need to consider further the following issues at its next meeting:
(a) States Parties' possible exercise of national jurisdiction in the event that immunity from jurisdiction is waived by the Director-General in the case of a serious breach of confidentiality by a staff member of the Technical Secretariat, including the possibility of concurrent jurisdiction;
(b) any further proposals relating to the general issue of the application of national jurisdiction to natural or legal persons who have breached confidentiality,
(c) any further proposals that may be made concerning compensation for losses caused by breach of confidentiality;
(d) the composition and operating procedures of the Commission for the Settlement of Disputes Relating to Confidentiality (the "Confidentiality Commission"); and
(e) the completion of an integrated draft of the OPCW Policy on Confidentiality.
8.2 The following non-papers have been prepared and are available from the Secretariat for the background information of interested delegations:
Chair non-paper 6 Draft Contents of the OPCW Policy on Confidentiality
Chair non-paper 7 Basic Responsibilities on Confidentiality
Chair non-paper 9 Administration (dated 6 February 1995)
Chair non-paper 10 Annual Report on Confidentiality
Chair non-paper 12 Commission for the Settlement of Disputes Related to Confidentiality (Redraft of 7 February 1995)
Chair non-paper 13 The Role of States Parties in Relation to Breach Procedure (Redraft of 6 February 1995)
Chair non-paper 14 Amendments
Chair non-paper Possible Elements of a Jurisdiction Exercised by the Host State (dated 8 February 1995)
9. Recommendations
The Group recommended that:
(a) consultations continue on the possibility of the Host State establishing a concurrent jurisdiction that would cover a serious breach of confidentiality by Technical Secretariat staff members;
(b) its chair pursue informal consultation on the issues noted in subparagraph 8.1 of this Report with a view to their resolution;
(c) Working Group B schedule a further meeting of the Group to enable it to conclude its work on the tasks listed in subparagraph 8.1 of this Report;
(d) Working Group B consider the need to address the question of the possible compensation for other forms of damage, not caused by a breach of confidentiality, that occur in the performance of Convention obligations, as raised in Section IV of the Executive Secretary's Discussion Paper (PC-X/B/WP.3); and
(e) Working Group B take note of the contents of paragraph 3 of this Report.
- - - o - - -